it really depends on the region and time.
the middle ages happened for almost 1,000 years, it's not like absolutely nothing changed during that time.
that said, i think capital punishment was the norm in most kingdoms up until the enlightenment period but i'm not entirely sure.

though there's a pretty morbid case of a young mother in england during said era hanged for stealing food for her child.
i only found out about her from gurochan, which naturally has a thread dedicated to her. https://capitalpunishmentuk.org/mary-jones-hanged-for-shoplifting/